There has been a surge of new ophthalmic aids including intraocular lenses and spectacle lenses designed with a rationale to protect the eyes from potential photochemical damages. With the increasing popularity of blue-rich LED-backlight display devices, such as mobile smartphones, ultraportable tablets, and computer screens, our eyes are exposed to more blue light than in the past. The sun and artificial light sources, including LED (light-emitting diode) light bulbs and fluorescent light tubes, are the primary sources of blue light, emitting the amount of blue light that approaches the international exposure limit.
This process may explain why excessive sunlight exposure associates with age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the third leading cause of worldwide blindness, though other hypotheses have been advanced. Data from animal and in vitro studies suggest that in an ageing eye, the accumulation of lipofuscin (in particular its major retinoid fluorophore A2E) within the retinal pigment epithelium makes the retina even more vulnerable to high-energy blue radiation, leading to cell apoptosis. It has drawn increasing attention due to a hypothesis suggesting that blue light has the potential to induce photochemical damages to the retina. We confirm that this does not alter our adherence to PLOS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.īlue light is short-wavelength electromagnetic radiation (400–500 nm) in the visible spectrum (400–780 nm) that carries the highest amount of energy per photon. Consultancy: Part of the funding was charged as consulting fee Stocks, shares or ownership of company: None. Employment: The research assistant was employed by Hong Kong PolyU None of the authors/ research personal was employed by the company. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: Financial support for research: Salary for a research assistant, blue-light filtering spectacle lenses. Funder (for the second part of the study): Swiss lens laboratory Ltd.
SPECTACLE EYEWEAR TRIAL
The sponsor provided the blue-light filtering spectacle lenses for the clinical trial and funding for hiring a research assistant. The second part of this study (clinical trial) was supported by Swiss lens laboratory Ltd.
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.įunding: This work was supported by Swiss lens laboratory Ltd. Received: JAccepted: DecemPublished: January 3, 2017Ĭopyright: © 2017 Leung et al. González-Méijome, Universidade do Minho, PORTUGAL Citation: Leung TW, Li RW-h, Kee C-s (2017) Blue-Light Filtering Spectacle Lenses: Optical and Clinical Performances.
0 kommentar(er)
